Causes of the war of 1812
Impressment
British ships were capturing American ones and taking the sailors, saying they were "deserters" and forcing them into the British Navy. People were enraged; some of the impressed men died in the British service and left bitter and angry families. The Chesapeake was ten miles off the coast of VA when a British ship tried to impress its sailors, they resisted so the British attacked an killed 3 men, wounding 18, and taking 4 "deserters". All of it could be seen from the coast. This led to Jefferson's hated Embargo Act.
Non-Intercourse Act 1809
A substitute for the Embargo Act. It formally reopened trade with all the nations in the world except Britain and France. Economic coercion continued. The people still weren't satisfied because they were still banned from trading with the two most important nations.
ĥor France repealed its commercial restrictions, America would restore its embargo against the nonrepealing nation. It was kind of shameful to Madison. Napoleon used this as a chance to get a free defense against the British. This was Madison's gamble and he lost.
Orders in Council
Edicts that closed European ports under French control to foreign shipping unless the vessels first stopped at a British port. Britain justified its orders in council as retaliation for Napoleon's actions, which implied that trade restrictions would be repealed if the French repealed first.
“War Hawks”
Young hotheads, many from south and west, they were opponents of federalists. They were tired of hearing how their fathers defeated the British and they hated the manhandling of Am. sailors and the British Orders in Council that stopped Am. trade. Western war hawks wanted to wipe out the new indian threat.
Tecumseh & “The Prophet”
They were brothers and decided that the rush of non-indians into their land was unacceptable. They put together a confederacy of all the tribes east of the Mississippi, which renewed the Indian culture. The Battle of Tippecanoe discredited the Prophet and drove Tecumseh into an alliance with the British. He fought fiercely for the British and died in 1813 at the Battle of Thames. The dream of an Indian confederacy died with Tecumseh.
William Henry Harrison
Governor of Indiana Territory, he gathered an army and advanced on Tecumseh's headquarters at the junction of the Wabash and Tippecanoe rivers. He won the Battle of Tippecanoe; it made him a national hero.
Republicanism
The government was under Republican rule at the time, with Jefferson and Madison as presidents. Federalists were resistant to republicanism, which helped add more tension and higher probability of war.
Federalists in New England
They didn't oppose war for a free sea and they opposed the acquisition of Canada. They were bitter about "Mr. Madison's War" and it almost led them to treason.
Impressment
British ships were capturing American ones and taking the sailors, saying they were "deserters" and forcing them into the British Navy. People were enraged; some of the impressed men died in the British service and left bitter and angry families. The Chesapeake was ten miles off the coast of VA when a British ship tried to impress its sailors, they resisted so the British attacked an killed 3 men, wounding 18, and taking 4 "deserters". All of it could be seen from the coast. This led to Jefferson's hated Embargo Act.
Non-Intercourse Act 1809
A substitute for the Embargo Act. It formally reopened trade with all the nations in the world except Britain and France. Economic coercion continued. The people still weren't satisfied because they were still banned from trading with the two most important nations.
ĥor France repealed its commercial restrictions, America would restore its embargo against the nonrepealing nation. It was kind of shameful to Madison. Napoleon used this as a chance to get a free defense against the British. This was Madison's gamble and he lost.
Orders in Council
Edicts that closed European ports under French control to foreign shipping unless the vessels first stopped at a British port. Britain justified its orders in council as retaliation for Napoleon's actions, which implied that trade restrictions would be repealed if the French repealed first.
“War Hawks”
Young hotheads, many from south and west, they were opponents of federalists. They were tired of hearing how their fathers defeated the British and they hated the manhandling of Am. sailors and the British Orders in Council that stopped Am. trade. Western war hawks wanted to wipe out the new indian threat.
Tecumseh & “The Prophet”
They were brothers and decided that the rush of non-indians into their land was unacceptable. They put together a confederacy of all the tribes east of the Mississippi, which renewed the Indian culture. The Battle of Tippecanoe discredited the Prophet and drove Tecumseh into an alliance with the British. He fought fiercely for the British and died in 1813 at the Battle of Thames. The dream of an Indian confederacy died with Tecumseh.
William Henry Harrison
Governor of Indiana Territory, he gathered an army and advanced on Tecumseh's headquarters at the junction of the Wabash and Tippecanoe rivers. He won the Battle of Tippecanoe; it made him a national hero.
Republicanism
The government was under Republican rule at the time, with Jefferson and Madison as presidents. Federalists were resistant to republicanism, which helped add more tension and higher probability of war.
Federalists in New England
They didn't oppose war for a free sea and they opposed the acquisition of Canada. They were bitter about "Mr. Madison's War" and it almost led them to treason.